{"id":145,"date":"2016-06-20T17:08:54","date_gmt":"2016-06-20T17:08:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/?page_id=145"},"modified":"2016-06-21T18:36:32","modified_gmt":"2016-06-21T18:36:32","slug":"wilderness","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wilderness\/","title":{"rendered":"Wilderness"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- Image of resource --><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"resource-image\" src=\"..\/wp-content\/images\/resources\/wilderness-red pine lake.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The term wilderness is an administrative designation created under the Wilderness Act of 1964 applied to specific parcels of public lands. The wilderness designation enables preservation and protection of \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Federal lands retaining<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">primeval character and influence<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d <a href=\"#ref\">[1]<\/a> and as such severely limits consumptive and motorized uses.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A second component of this discussion has to do with lands under other special designations besides official wilderness areas, which also significantly restrict the types of allowable uses. The US Forest Service (USFS) special management classes include Research Natural Areas, Wild and Scenic Rivers, Roadless Areas, and Recommendation Wilderness Areas. The US Bureau of Land Management (BLM) special designations include Areas of Critical Environmental Concern, Wilderness Study Areas, and Resource Conservation Areas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"omsc-accordion\">\n<p><!-- Map --><br \/>\n<div class=\"omsc-toggle omsc-expanded\"><div class=\"omsc-toggle-title\">Map of Data<\/div><div class=\"omsc-toggle-inner\" style=\"display:block\">\n<div class=\"invisible\">\n<table id=\"tablepress-64\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-64\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">url<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">useLayers<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">startVisible<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">rasterName<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">imageServer<\/th><th class=\"column-6\">resourceReference<\/th><th class=\"column-7\">DisplayOrder<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">https:\/\/services1.arcgis.com\/IAQQkLXctKHrf8Av\/arcgis\/rest\/services\/Area_of_Critical_Environmental_Concern\/FeatureServer<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">y<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">ref-Wilderness<\/td><td class=\"column-7\">2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">http:\/\/tlamap.trustlands.utah.gov\/arcgis\/rest\/services\/UT_SITLA_Wilderness_BLMNaturalAreas\/MapServer<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">y<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">ref-Wilderness<\/td><td class=\"column-7\">5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">https:\/\/apps.fs.fed.us\/arcx\/rest\/services\/EDW\/EDW_ALPStatusAndEncumbrance_01\/MapServer<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">73,72,71,70,69,68,67,66,63n<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">y,n,n,n,n,n,n,n,yn<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">ref-Wilderness<\/td><td class=\"column-7\">6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">https:\/\/apps.fs.fed.us\/ArcX\/rest\/services\/EDW_FEATURE\/EDW_InventoriedRoadlessAreas2001_01\/FeatureServer<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">y<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">ref-Wilderness<\/td><td class=\"column-7\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">http:\/\/tlamap.trustlands.utah.gov\/arcgis\/rest\/services\/UT_SITLA_LandOwnership\/FeatureServer<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">y<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">ref-Wilderness<\/td><td class=\"column-7\">7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">http:\/\/tlamap.trustlands.utah.gov\/arcgis\/rest\/services\/UT_SITLA_Wilderness\/MapServer<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">2,3,4,1n<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">n,n,n,nn<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">ref-Wilderness<\/td><td class=\"column-7\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-64 from cache --><\/div>\n<div id=\"mapArea\"><\/div>\n<p><script src=\"..\/wp-content\/maps\/js\/setupMap.min.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><br \/>\n<a title=\"undefined\" href=\"..\/wp-content\/mxds\/Wilderness.zip\" target=\"_blank\">Download mxd<\/a> The\u00a0ESRI mxd file of the services used to create the above map.\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><!-- Resource Information --><br \/>\n<div class=\"omsc-toggle\"><div class=\"omsc-toggle-title\">Resource Information<\/div><div class=\"omsc-toggle-inner\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The purpose of Congressionally designated wilderness is to protect lands that provide opportunities for, or are in the condition of <a href=\"#ref\">[1]<\/a>: <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Untrammeled<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Natural<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Undeveloped<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unique, Supplemental, or Other Features<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Federal wilderness designation is a legislative action by Congress that typically follows a comprehensive National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) planning process. In general terms wilderness designation begins with the adoption of local planning documents. For the Wasatch Front, this includes forest management plans from the Wasatch-Cache National Forest and resource management plans from the US Bureau of Land Management Salt Lake City Field Office. As part of each plan, management agencies inventory lands to identify areas which have wilderness characteristics. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pertinent planning documents<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/Internet\/FSE_DOCUMENTS\/stelprdb5354094.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Revised Forest Plan Wasatch-Cache National Forest (2003)<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Forest Plan Wilderness Goal: Manage Wildernesses recognizing differences in population proximity and consequent role in providing wilderness experiences for more people.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.blm.gov\/style\/medialib\/blm\/ut\/natural_resources\/planning\/existing_lups6.Par.40049.File.dat\/PONYFEIS.PDF\" target=\"_blank\">Proposed Pony Express Resource Management Plan and Final Environmental Impact Statement (1988)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wilderness qualifications include <a href=\"#ref\" target=\"_blank\">[2]<\/a>:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Size. At least 5,000 acres of contiguous roadless lands.*<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Naturalness. Minimal human impacts exist within the area (natural processes dominate).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Opportunities for solitude. Primitive recreation and opportunities to avoid other people.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supplemental values. After the first three criteria are met, areas with ecological, geological, scientific, educational, scenic or historical values can be considered<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*Minimum size can be smaller if it connects existing Wilderness Areas or Wilderness Study Areas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lands which appear to qualify as wilderness are designated as Recommended Wilderness areas (USFS) or Wilderness Study Areas (BLM) in planning documents. The NEPA process is followed to assess potential impacts of land use decisions, including wilderness designation. Plans are adopted after consultation with local governments, residents, Native American tribes and other interested parties. Proposed Wilderness and Wilderness Study Areas are then managed as default wilderness until Congress either designates the Wilderness Study Areas (WSA) as wilderness or returns the land to the agency for other management purposes.<\/span><\/p>\n<span id=\"tablepress-56-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-56\">Recommended Wilderness and Wilderness Study Areas within the WFRC region.<\/span>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-56\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-56\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-56-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Name<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Agency<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Management Status<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Upper South Fork (Weber County)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Forest Service<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Recommended Wilderness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Deep Creek Mountains (Tooele County)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">US Bureau of Land Management<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Wilderness Study Areas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Stansbury Mountains<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">US Bureau of Land Management<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Wilderness Study Areas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-56 from cache -->\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lands officially designated as Wilderness become part of the National Wilderness Preservation System (NWPS), which currently contains 765 wilderness areas encompassing an area of 109,129,657 acres.<a href=\"#ref\" target=\"_blank\">[3]<\/a> \u00a0The BLM Wilderness is also included in the National Landscape Conservation System (NLCS).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use the data layers to identify areas of the county that are designated as wilderness or that have wilderness characteristics.<\/span><br \/>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><!-- Best Management Practices --><br \/>\n<div class=\"omsc-toggle\"><div class=\"omsc-toggle-title\">Best Management Practices<\/div><div class=\"omsc-toggle-inner\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both the BLM and USFS have agency policies and directives regarding the management of wilderness lands.<a href=\"#ref\" target=\"_blank\">[4,5]<\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wilderness.net\/NWPS\/documents\/FS\/FS_wilderness_policy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Forest Service Manual, FSM 2320 &#8211; Wilderness Management<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.blm.gov\/style\/medialib\/blm\/wo\/Information_Resources_Management\/policy\/blm_manual.Par.22269.File.dat\/6340.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">US Bureau of Land Management Manual 6340 &#8211; Management of Designated Wilderness Areas<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><!-- Economic Considerations --><br \/>\n<div class=\"omsc-toggle\"><div class=\"omsc-toggle-title\">Economic Considerations<\/div><div class=\"omsc-toggle-inner\">\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The economic effect of wilderness designation is the subject of ongoing debate. For example, when several proposals were made in the early 1990s to increase acres of wilderness in Utah, a 1992 Government Accountability Office (GAO)<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/products\/RCED-93-11\" target=\"_blank\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> investigated a claim that designating 3.2 million acres of land as wilderness in Utah would cost the state $9.2 billion annually in future earnings.<a href=\"#ref\" target=\"_blank\">[6]<\/a> The GAO study countered claim by a 1990 study that had cited adverse economic effects of wilderness designation in Utah.<a href=\"#ref\" target=\"_blank\">[7]<\/a> The debate over the economic impact of designating wilderness areas continues in Utah. A 2010 Utah State University report<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.usu.edu\/ipe\/wp-content\/uploads\/ipePublications\/Local-Impact-of-Wilderness.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">investigated<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> contradictory claims about the economic impact of designating wilderness areas in Utah.<a href=\"#ref\" target=\"_blank\">[8]<\/a> <\/span><br \/>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><!-- Impact Considerations --><br \/>\n<div class=\"omsc-toggle\"><div class=\"omsc-toggle-title\">Impact Considerations<\/div><div class=\"omsc-toggle-inner\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wilderness designation is intended to preserve lands in a natural state and, therefore, the designation has profound impacts on the future uses of lands within the administrative boundary. Future resources development and motorized access is permanently and severely limited. This will affect local economies dependent on future development of those resources.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Economic impact considerations of wilderness designation should include discussion concerning:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mineral and energy development potential<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Logging and forest products<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Grazing restrictions (grazing is allowed in wilderness areas but must meet wilderness guidelines)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Private and state land inholdings<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Land transfers<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Motorized recreational uses<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wilderness designation on public lands also has positive effects on local economies, possibly including the economic benefits related to other natural resources included in a county\u2019s resource management plan such as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Non-motorized recreation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tourism<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wildlife habitat<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drinking water source protection<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Watershed protection<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><!-- Data Table --><br \/>\n<div class=\"omsc-toggle\"><div class=\"omsc-toggle-title\">Data Download<\/div><div class=\"omsc-toggle-inner\">\n<div class=\"download-icons\">\u00a0<span class=\"wp-svg-stack stack\"><\/span> GIS Data <span class=\"wp-svg-target target\"><\/span> Map Service <span class=\"wp-svg-screen screen\"><\/span> Web Map <span class=\"wp-svg-file file\"><\/span> Document\u00a0<span class=\"wp-svg-table table\"><\/span> Tabular Data\u00a0<span class=\"wp-svg-globe globe\"><\/span> Website<\/div>\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-40\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-40\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Data Name<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Data Explanation<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Publication Date<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Spatial Accuracy<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">Contact<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Land Ownership<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/gis.utah.gov\/data\/sgid-cadastre\/land-ownership\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-stack stack\"><\/span> <\/a> , <a href=\"http:\/\/tlamap.trustlands.utah.gov\/arcgis\/rest\/services\/UT_SITLA_LandOwnership\/FeatureServer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-target target\"><\/span><\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Surface Land Ownership; use Admin field to identify administrative agency<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Updated Weekly<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1:24,000<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">State of Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration (SITLA).<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/trustlands.utah.gov\/resources\/maps\/\" target=\"_blank\">GIS Group<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">BLM NLCS<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.blm.gov\/style\/medialib\/blm\/ut\/support_services_uso.Par.14964.File.dat\/NLCS.zip\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-stack stack\"><\/span><\/a> , <a href=\"http:\/\/tlamap.trustlands.utah.gov\/arcgis\/rest\/services\/UT_SITLA_Wilderness\/MapServer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-target target\"><\/span><\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">National Landscape Conservation System contains wilderness areas, wilderness study areas and national conservation areas<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">3\/21\/2014<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1:24,000<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.blm.gov\/ut\/st\/en.html\" target=\"_blank\">Bureau of Land Management in Utah<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">USFS Roadless Areas (2001)<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/apps.fs.fed.us\/arcx\/rest\/services\/EDW\/EDW_InventoriedRoadlessAreas2001_01\/MapServer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-target target\"><\/span><\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">2001 Roadless Area Conservation Rule (36 CFR 294, Subpart B)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">7\/21\/2000<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1:100,000<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">USDA Forest Service<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">BLM ACEC<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.blm.gov\/style\/medialib\/blm\/ut\/support_services_uso.Par.98773.File.dat\/ACEC_FGDB.zip\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-stack stack\"><\/span><\/a>  ,  <a href=\"https:\/\/services1.arcgis.com\/IAQQkLXctKHrf8Av\/arcgis\/rest\/services\/Area_of_Critical_Environmental_Concern\/FeatureServer\/0\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-target target\"><\/span><\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Areas of Critical Environmental Concern which require special management attention to protect \u00a0areas of significant values<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">January 2010<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1:24,000<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.blm.gov\/ut\/st\/en.html\" target=\"_blank\">Bureau of Land Management in Utah<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">National Wild and Scenic River System<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/services1.arcgis.com\/IAQQkLXctKHrf8Av\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/Wild_and_Scenic_River_System\/FeatureServer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-target target\"><\/span><\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">River segments from USFS, BLM, FWS, and NPS  <\/td><td class=\"column-3\">2009<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1:24,000<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">National Atlas of the  United States<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Wilderness Proposals<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/gis.utah.gov\/data\/boundaries\/wilderness\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-stack stack\"><\/span> <\/a> , <a href=\"http:\/\/tlamap.trustlands.utah.gov\/arcgis\/rest\/services\/UT_SITLA_Wilderness_BLMNaturalAreas\/MapServer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-target target\"><\/span> <\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">BLM Wilderness Study Areas and Citizen's Red Rock Wilderness Proposal (2008)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Variable<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1:24,000<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><a href=\"http:\/\/gis.utah.gov\/data\/\" target=\"_blank\">AGRC<\/a>\/SITLA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-40 from cache -->\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- References --><\/p>\n<h3>References<\/h3>\n<div id=\"ref\"><\/div>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wilderness.net\/nwps\/legisact\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wilderness Act of 1964<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, as enacted September 3, 1964, and amended October 21, 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1131-1136). <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">US Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management. n.d. \u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.blm.gov\/style\/medialib\/blm\/mt\/blm_programs\/inventories\/lwc.Par.62320.File.dat\/LWC%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lands With Wilderness Characteristics in the Planning Process<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Accessed: 1\/13\/16. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Wilderness.net. n.d. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wilderness.net\/NWPS\/fastfacts\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fast Facts About America&#8217;s Wildernesses<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Accessed: 1\/13\/16.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 2007. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wilderness.net\/NWPS\/documents\/FS\/FS_wilderness_policy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Forest Service Manual 2300 &#8211; Wilderness Management<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 2012. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.blm.gov\/style\/medialib\/blm\/wo\/Information_Resources_Management\/policy\/blm_manual.Par.22269.File.dat\/6340.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BLM Manual 6340 &#8211; Management of Designated Wilderness (Public)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U.S. General Accounting Office. 1992. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gao.gov\/assets\/220\/217154.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wilderness: Effects of Designation on Economy and Grazing in Utah<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Report to the Honorable Wayne Owens, House of Representatives. December.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leaming, G. F. 1990. The Adverse Economic Impacts of Wilderness Land Withdrawals on Utah. Western Economic Analysis Center, Marana, AZ. January.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yonk, R., B.C. Steed, and R. Simmons. 2010. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.usu.edu\/ipe\/wp-content\/uploads\/ipePublications\/Local-Impact-of-Wilderness.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Local Impact of Wilderness: An Overtime Analysis of Wilderness Designation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Working Draft.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The term wilderness is an administrative designation created under the Wilderness Act of 1964 applied to specific parcels of public lands. The wilderness designation enables preservation and protection of \u201cFederal lands retaining primeval character and influence\u201d [1] and as such &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wilderness\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"resources_page.php","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-145","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/145","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=145"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/145\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":146,"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/145\/revisions\/146"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}