{"id":141,"date":"2016-06-20T17:07:22","date_gmt":"2016-06-20T17:07:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/?page_id=141"},"modified":"2016-06-21T18:10:58","modified_gmt":"2016-06-21T18:10:58","slug":"wetlands","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wetlands\/","title":{"rendered":"Wetlands"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- Image of resource --><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"resource-image\" src=\"..\/wp-content\/images\/resources\/wetlands-Legacy Nature Preserve.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><!-- Initial Description or Introduction --><\/p>\n<p>Wetlands have been defined in different ways by numerous entities and agencies, however, the United States Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) jointly define wetlands as: \u00a0\u201c<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that do under normal circumstances support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. \u00a0Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d \u00a0This definition of wetlands is perhaps the most relevant to local land planners because the Corps and the EPA are the agencies that have legal jurisdiction over wetlands, including those wetlands on private property. Wetlands provide numerous benefits to society but a few of the most important of these include \u00a0wildlife habitat area, hydrologic recharge areas, and water quality improvements. Other values like recreation (e.g. hunting, fishing, or bird watching) are a combination of processes.<a href=\"#ref\">[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Related resource topics for county planning include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"..\/flood-plains-river-terraces\/\" target=\"_blank\">Flood Plains and River Terraces<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"..\/riparian-areas\/\" target=\"_blank\">Riparian Areas<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"..\/water-quality-hydrology\/\" target=\"_blank\">Water Quality and Hydrology<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"omsc-accordion\">\n<p><!-- Map --><br \/>\n<div class=\"omsc-toggle omsc-expanded\"><div class=\"omsc-toggle-title\">Map of Data<\/div><div class=\"omsc-toggle-inner\" style=\"display:block\">\n<div class=\"invisible\">\n<table id=\"tablepress-64\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-64\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">url<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">useLayers<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">startVisible<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">rasterName<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">imageServer<\/th><th class=\"column-6\">resourceReference<\/th><th class=\"column-7\">DisplayOrder<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">http:\/\/107.20.228.18\/arcgis\/rest\/services\/Wetlands\/MapServer<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">y<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">ref-Wetlands<\/td><td class=\"column-7\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-64 from cache --><\/div>\n<div id=\"mapArea\"><\/div>\n<p><script src=\"..\/wp-content\/maps\/js\/setupMap.min.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><\/p>\n<div class=\"layerName\"><strong>LAYER NAME TRANSLATION (alphabetical)<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>SGID10.WATER.Wetlands<\/strong>= NWI wetlands published by the Utah AGRC.\n<\/div>\n<p><a title=\"undefined\" href=\"..\/wp-content\/mxds\/Wetlands.zip\" target=\"_blank\">Download mxd<\/a> The\u00a0ESRI mxd file of the services used to create the above map.\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><!-- Resource Information --><br \/>\n<div class=\"omsc-toggle\"><div class=\"omsc-toggle-title\">Resource Information<\/div><div class=\"omsc-toggle-inner\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/geology.utah.gov\/resources\/wetlands\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Utah Wetland Information Center<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, 1% of Utah\u2019s landscape is wetlands<a href=\"#ref\">[2]<\/a>, however, over 75% of the State\u2019s wetlands occur along the northern and eastern shorelines of the Great Salt Lake.<a href=\"#ref\">[3]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems in the world, comparable to rainforests and coral reefs.<a href=\"#ref\">[4]<\/a> They provide habitat for different species including birds and fish. Wetlands also have the ability to improve water quality by acting as filters. In addition, wetlands can lessen the effects of flooding by storing water and releasing it slowly with the potential to help replenish aquifers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWetland\u201d is a generic term used to describe a diverse array of aquatic habitats.<a href=\"#ref\">[5]<\/a> To assist in management and inventory purposes the Cowardin hierarchical classification system is most commonly used. This method classifies wetlands into systems, subsystems, and classes. Systems are divided into marine, estuarine, riverine, lacustrine, and palustrine. Marine and estuarine systems consist of open ocean and tidal areas, respectively. Riverine and lacustrine systems include wetlands adjacent to rivers and lakes, respectively. Lastly, palustrine systems include vegetated wetlands like marshes, swamps, bogs, and small ponds.<a href=\"#ref\">[6]<\/a> Forested wetlands can occur in the estuarine and palustrine systems only.The Cowardin system is used by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for their <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fws.gov\/wetlands\/NWI\/Index.html\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Wetlands Inventory (NWI)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0The NWI Wetland data can be used to identify wetlands by type within the county.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From a regulatory standpoint, certain bodies of water and associated wetlands are regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the US Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA). Activities which involve excavation or placement of fill in jurisdictional waters or wetlands require a permit issued by the Corps and may be reviewed by EPA. The extent of jurisdiction is determined on a project-by-project basis in consultation with the Corps.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><!-- Best Management Practices --><br \/>\n<div class=\"omsc-toggle\"><div class=\"omsc-toggle-title\">Best Management Practices<\/div><div class=\"omsc-toggle-inner\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As discussed previously, wetlands provide numerous benefits to society. Proper management and protection of wetlands can improve the quality of life for local communities. Best management practices (BMPs) can include but are not limited to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protection of existing wetlands,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Restoration of historic wetlands that have been eliminated or degraded,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proper management of wetlands,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Creation of additional wetlands in appropriate areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additional best management practices for wetlands include educating the public on the importance of wetlands, educate farmers and developers on the property value improvements provided by managed open spaces including wetlands, develop assessment tools to monitor the condition of existing wetlands, and develop land management partnerships that include landowners.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The EPA provides information on <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/wetlands\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wetland protection and restoration<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u00a0This information includes potential funding sources for eligible applicants.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) provides landowners financial and technical assistance to restore, enhance, and protect wetlands through their <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nrcs.usda.gov\/wps\/portal\/nrcs\/detail\/national\/programs\/easements\/acep\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fws.gov\/birds\/grants\/north-american-wetland-conservation-act.php\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">North American Wetland Conservation Act<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (NAWCA) provides matching grants to support bird populations and wetland habitat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Utah Division of Water Quality <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.deq.utah.gov\/ProgramsServices\/programs\/water\/wetlands\/monitoring.htm\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wetland Program<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> offers standard procedures for managing, and evaluating the condition of wetlands in the Great Salt Lake area.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mitigationcommission.gov\/wetlands\/pdf\/uwin_brochure.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Utah Wetlands Interpretive Network Sites (UWIN)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> provide wetlands education and refer visitors to other sites within a 13 sites network. More than half of these sites are located in the Wasatch Front area.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><!-- Economic Considerations --><br \/>\n<div class=\"omsc-toggle\"><div class=\"omsc-toggle-title\">Economic Considerations<\/div><div class=\"omsc-toggle-inner\">\n<ul>\n<ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Possibly the most significant economic and social benefit of wetlands is flood control, but wetlands also provide essential functions in filtering water\/improving water quality and providing a food source for waterfowl.<a href=\"#ref\">[7]<\/a> Furthermore, wetlands recharge aquifers and thereby secure future water supplies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A report regarding the <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gslcouncil.utah.gov\/docs\/2012\/Jan\/GSL_FINAL_REPORT-1-26-12.PDF\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Economic Significance of the Great Salt Lake to the State of Utah<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, includes information regarding benefits of wetlands surrounding the lake.<a href=\"#ref\">[8]<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the North American Wetlands Conservation Act (NAWCA), 10 Utah projects are funded through $3.7 million from NAWCA and $11 million from partner contributions; this illustrates a successful public-private partnership approach to conserve wetlands.<a href=\"#ref\">[9]<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"omsc-toggle\"><div class=\"omsc-toggle-title\">Impact Considerations<\/div><div class=\"omsc-toggle-inner\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mechanisms for wetland protection include acquisition, planning, mitigation, disincentives for conversion of wetlands to other land uses, among other efforts. Human need for development should be an important factor when considering wetland restoration or creation.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"#ref\">[10]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Noxious weeds, and pest control are other factors to be considered in wetland management, especially when close to residential areas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition, other resources like agriculture, water rights, and hydrology may cause changes to wetlands and should be considering when managing them. For example, groundwater development can reduce the amount of water that a wetland receives.<a href=\"#ref\">[11]<\/a> Changes in stormwater, diversions, or water uses from adjacent farms can also create or destroy wetlands.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><!-- Data Table --><br \/>\n<div class=\"omsc-toggle\"><div class=\"omsc-toggle-title\">Data Download<\/div><div class=\"omsc-toggle-inner\">\n<div class=\"download-icons\">\u00a0<span class=\"wp-svg-stack stack\"><\/span> GIS Data <span class=\"wp-svg-target target\"><\/span> Map Service <span class=\"wp-svg-screen screen\"><\/span> Web Map <span class=\"wp-svg-file file\"><\/span> Document\u00a0<span class=\"wp-svg-table table\"><\/span> Tabular Data\u00a0<span class=\"wp-svg-globe globe\"><\/span> Website<\/div>\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-40\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-40\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Data Name<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Data Explanation<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Publication Date<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Spatial Accuracy<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">Contact<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Localized Wetland Mapping<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fws.gov\/wetlands\/Data\/State-Downloads.html\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-stack stack\"><\/span> <\/a> , <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fws.gov\/wetlands\/Data\/Mapper.html\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-screen screen\"><\/span><\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Provides generalized wetland location maps<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Updated October 1, 2015<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Approximate range 1:145,000-1:1,2000<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">US Fish and Wildlife Service\u2019s National Wetland Inventory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">National Wetlands Inventory (NWI)<br \/>\n<a href=\"ftp:\/\/ftp.agrc.utah.gov\/UtahSGID_Vector\/UTM12_NAD83\/WATER\/UnpackagedData\/Wetlands\/_Statewide\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-stack stack\"><\/span> (AGRC)<\/a> , <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fws.gov\/wetlands\/Data\/State-Downloads.html\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-stack stack\"><\/span> (USFWS)<\/a><br \/>\n <a href=\"http:\/\/107.20.228.18\/arcgis\/rest\/services\/Wetlands\/MapServer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-target target\"><\/span><\/a> , <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fws.gov\/wetlands\/Data\/Mapper.html\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-screen screen\"><\/span><\/a> <\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Use to identify location and type of wetlands<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fws.gov\/wetlands\/Data\/metadata\/FWS_Wetlands.xml\" target=\"_blank\">Metadata<\/a><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">USFWS data download<br \/>\n10\/2015;<br \/>\nUSGS web mapper is live data;<br \/>\nMap Service date is 10\/2015.<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1:50,000<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">Primary Source: Utah Geological Survey or US Fish and Wildlife Service\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fws.gov\/wetlands\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">National Wetland Inventory<\/a><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAGRC data provider Utah Geological Survey<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-40 from cache -->\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- References --><\/p>\n<h3>References<\/h3>\n<div id=\"ref\"><\/div>\n<ol>\n<li>Novitzki, R., D. Smith, and J. Fretwell. 1996. Wetland Functions, Values, And Assessment. National Water Summary On Wetland Resources. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office.<\/li>\n<li>Utah Department of Natural Resources, Utah Geological Survey. 2015. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/geology.utah.gov\/resources\/wetlands\/wetland-outreach-and-education\/\" target=\"_blank\">Wetland Outreach and Education<\/a>.&#8221; Accessed: 1\/6\/16.<\/li>\n<li>Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife Resources, Utah Wildlife Action Plan Joint Team. 2015. \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/wildlife.utah.gov\/learn-more\/wap2015.html\" target=\"_blank\">Utah Wildlife Action Plan<\/a>: A plan for managing native wildlife species and their habitats to help prevent listing under the Endangered Species Act. Publication number 15-\u00ad14. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.<\/li>\n<li>US Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/wetlands\/what-are-wetland-functions\" target=\"_blank\">What Are Wetland Functions?<\/a>&#8221; Accessed: 1\/6\/16.<\/li>\n<li>Tiner, R. 1996. Wetland Definitions and Classifications in the United States. National Water Summary On Wetland Resources. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office.<\/li>\n<li>Cowardin, L., V. Carter, F. Golet, and E. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.<\/li>\n<li>World Wildlife Fund. 2004. <a href=\"http:\/\/d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net\/downloads\/wetlandsbrochurefinal.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">The Economic Values of the World\u2019s Wetlands<\/a>, January.<\/li>\n<li>Bioeconomics, Inc. 2012. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gslcouncil.utah.gov\/docs\/2012\/Jan\/GSL_FINAL_REPORT-1-26-12.PDF\" target=\"_blank\">Economic Significance of the Great Salt Lake to the State of Utah<\/a>. Report prepared for the Great Salt Lake Advisory Council, January 26.<\/li>\n<li>Ducks Unlimited. 2013. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ducks.org\/resources\/media\/Conservation\/NAWCA\/statefactsheets\/2013\/Utah%20NAWCA%20fact%20sheet%20FY%202013.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">The North American Wetlands Conservation Act: Working for Utah<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Kentula, M. 1996. Wetland Restoration and Creation. National Water Summary On Wetland Resources. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office.<\/li>\n<li>Bishop, C.E., M. Lowe, J. Wallace, R.L. Emerson and J.S. Horn. 2009. <a href=\"http:\/\/geology.utah.gov\/online\/ri\/ri-264.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Wetlands in the Farmington Bay area, Davis County, Utah-An evaluation of threats posed by ground-water development and drought<\/a>. Utah Geological Survey, Report of Investigation 264.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wetlands have been defined in different ways by numerous entities and agencies, however, the United States Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) jointly define wetlands as: \u00a0\u201cThose areas that are inundated or saturated &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wetlands\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"resources_page.php","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-141","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=141"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/141\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":223,"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/141\/revisions\/223"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}