{"id":108,"date":"2016-06-20T16:51:51","date_gmt":"2016-06-20T16:51:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/?page_id=108"},"modified":"2016-06-21T18:05:37","modified_gmt":"2016-06-21T18:05:37","slug":"noxious-weeds","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/noxious-weeds\/","title":{"rendered":"Noxious Weeds"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- Image of resource --><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"resource-image\" src=\"..\/wp-content\/images\/resources\/Musk thistle1.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><!-- Initial Description or Introduction --><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Noxious and invasive weeds are plants considered harmful to livestock, agriculture, and wildlife, or otherwise negatively impact the landscape by (e.g., increase wildfire threat, reduced biodiversity). They are typically (but not always) nonnative species which spread rapidly at the expense of native vegetation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Related resource topics for county planning include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"..\/fire-management\/\" target=\"_blank\">Fire Management<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"..\/air\/\" target=\"_blank\">Air Quality<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"omsc-accordion\">\n<p><!-- Map --><br \/>\n<div class=\"omsc-toggle omsc-expanded\"><div class=\"omsc-toggle-title\">Map of Data<\/div><div class=\"omsc-toggle-inner\" style=\"display:block\">\n<div class=\"invisible\">\n<table id=\"tablepress-64\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-64\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">url<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">useLayers<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">startVisible<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">rasterName<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">imageServer<\/th><th class=\"column-6\">resourceReference<\/th><th class=\"column-7\">DisplayOrder<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">http:\/\/tlamap.trustlands.utah.gov\/arcgis\/rest\/services\/UT_SITLA_LandOwnership\/FeatureServer<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">n<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">ref-NoxiousWeeds<\/td><td class=\"column-7\">3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">https:\/\/apps.fs.fed.us\/ArcX\/rest\/services\/EDW_FEATURE\/EDW_InvasiveSpecies_01\/FeatureServer<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">y<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">ref-NoxiousWeeds<\/td><td class=\"column-7\">2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">http:\/\/gis.wfrc.org\/arcgis\/rest\/services\/CRMP\/NoxiousWeeds_Service\/MapServer<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">0,1,2<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">y,y,y<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">ref-NoxiousWeeds<\/td><td class=\"column-7\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-64 from cache --><\/div>\n<div id=\"mapArea\"><\/div>\n<p><script src=\"..\/wp-content\/maps\/js\/setupMap.min.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script><br \/>\n<a title=\"undefined\" href=\"..\/wp-content\/mxds\/NoxiousWeeds.zip\" target=\"_blank\">Download mxd<\/a> The\u00a0ESRI mxd file of the services used to create the above map.\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><!-- Resource Information --><br \/>\n<div class=\"omsc-toggle\"><div class=\"omsc-toggle-title\">Resource Information<\/div><div class=\"omsc-toggle-inner\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cOutside of their native origins, noxious weeds become oppressors with no known natural competitors to keep their populations in check. These silent invaders quickly begin to out-compete native plants, \u2026 forever changing our landscapes. Unlike other ornamental(s), \u2026 noxious weeds are nothing short of ecological time bombs.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/slco.org\/weeds\/\" target=\"_blank\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Salt Lake County Weed Control Program<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many species of exotic and invasive weeds exist in the Utah. Some species, however, have more potential to be \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">injurious to public health, crops, livestock, land, or other property<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d.<a href=\"#ref\">[1]<\/a> The <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/le.utah.gov\/xcode\/Title4\/Chapter17\/4-17.html\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Utah Noxious Weed Act<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of 2008 had defined 28 noxious weed species into three prioritization categories. In December 2015 the official <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.rules.utah.gov\/publicat\/bulletin\/2015\/20151215\/39965.htm\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State Noxious Weed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> list was updated to include 54 species and prioritization categories were modified as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-57-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-57\">Class 1A: Early Detection Rapid Response (EDRR) Watch List<\/h2>\n<span id=\"tablepress-57-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-57\">Declared noxious weeds and invasive weeds that are not native to the State of Utah, are not known to exist in the state but pose a serious threat, and should be considered a very high priority.<\/span>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-57\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-57\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-57-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-57-description\">\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Common crupina <br \/>\n<em>Crupina vulgaris<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Syrian bean caper<br \/>\n<em>Zygophyllum fabago<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">African rue<br \/>\n<em>Peganum harmala<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Ventenata (North Africa grass)<br \/>\n<em>Ventenata dubia<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Small bugloss<br \/>\n<em>Anchusa arvensis<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Plumeless thistle<br \/>\n<em>Carduus acanthoides<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Mediterranean sage<br \/>\n<em>Salvia aethiopis<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Malta starthistle<br \/>\n<em>Centaurea melitensis<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Spring millet<br \/>\n<em>Milium vernale<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-57 from cache -->\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-58-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-58\">Class 1B: EDRR<\/h2>\n<span id=\"tablepress-58-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-58\">Declared noxious and invasive weeds not native to the State of Utah that are known to exist in the state in very limited population, pose a serious threat to the state, and should be considered as a very high priority.<\/span>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-58\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-58\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-58-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-58-description\">\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Camelthorn<br \/>\n<em>Alhagi maurorum<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Japanese knotweed<br \/>\n<em>Polygonum cuspidatum<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Garlic mustard<br \/>\n<em>Alliaria petiolata<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Blueweed (Viper's bugloss)<br \/>\n<em>Echium vulgare<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Purple starthistle<br \/>\n<em>Centaurea calcitrapa<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Elongated mustard<br \/>\n<em>Brassica elongata<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Goatsrue<br \/>\n<em>Galega officinalis<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Common St. Johnswort<br \/>\n<em>Hypericum perforatum<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">African mustard<br \/>\n<em>Brassica tournefortii<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Oxeye daisy<br \/>\n<em>Leucanthemum vulgare<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Giant reed<br \/>\n<em>Arundo donax<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Cutleaf viper grass<br \/>\n<em>Scorzonera laciniata<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-58 from cache -->\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-59-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-59\">Class 2: Control<\/h2>\n<span id=\"tablepress-59-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-59\">Declared noxious and invasive weeds not native to the State of Utah that pose a threat to the state and should be considered a high priority for control.  Weeds listed in the control list are known to exist in varying populations throughout the state. The concentration of these weeds is at a level where control or eradication may be possible.<\/span>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-59\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-59\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-59-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-59-description\">\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Leafy spurge<br \/>\n<em>Euphorbia esula<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Dyers woad<br \/>\n<em>Isatis tinctoria<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Medusahead<br \/>\n<em>Taeniatherum caput-medusae<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Yellow starthistle<br \/>\n<em>Centaurea solstitialis<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Rush skeletonweed<br \/>\n<em>Chondrilla juncea<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Yellow toadflax<br \/>\n<em>Linaria vulgaris<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Spotted knapweed<br \/>\n<em>Centaurea stoebe<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Diffuse knapweed<br \/>\n<em>Centaurea diffusa<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Purple loosestrife <br \/>\n<em>Lythrum salicaria<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Black henbane<br \/>\n<em>Hyoscyamus niger<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Squarrose knapweed<br \/>\n<em>Centaurea virgata<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Dalmatian toadflax<br \/>\n<em>Linaria dalmatica<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-59 from cache -->\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-60-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-60\">Class 3: Containment<\/h2>\n<span id=\"tablepress-60-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-60\">Declared noxious and invasive weeds not native to the State of Utah that are widely spread. Weeds listed in the containment noxious weeds list are known to exist in various populations throughout the state. Weed control efforts may be directed at reducing or eliminating new or expanding weed populations. Known and established weed populations, as determined by the weed control authority, may be managed by any approved weed control methodology, as determined by the weed control authority. These weeds pose a threat to the agricultural industry and agricultural products.<\/span>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-60\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-60\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-60-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-60-description\">\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Russian knapweed <br \/>\n<em>Acroptilon repens<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Musk thistle<br \/>\n<em>Carduus nutans<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Houndstounge<br \/>\n<em>Cynoglossum officinale<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Quackgrass<br \/>\n<em>Elymus repens<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Perennial pepperweed (Tall whitetop)<br \/>\n<em>Lepidium latifolium<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Jointed goatgrass<br \/>\n<em>Aegilops cylindrica<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Phragmites (Common reed)<br \/>\n<em>Phragmites australis ssp<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Bermudagrass*<br \/>\n<em>Cynodon dactylon<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Tamarisk(Saltcedar)<br \/>\n<em>Tamarix ramosissima<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Perennial Sorghum spp.<br \/>\n<em>Sorghum halepense<br \/>\nSorghum almum<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Hoary cress <br \/>\n<em>Cardaria spp.<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Scotch thistle (Cotton thistle)<br \/>\n<em>Onopordum acanthium<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Canada thistle<br \/>\n<em>Cirsium arvense<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Field bindweed (Wild Morning-glory)<br \/>\n<em>Convolvulus spp.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Poison hemlock<br \/>\n<em>Conium maculatum<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Puncturevine (Goathead)<br \/>\n<em>Tribulus terrestris<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-60 from cache -->\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) shall not be a noxious weed in Washington County and shall not be subject to provisions of the Utah Noxious Weed Law within the boundaries of that county.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-61-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-61\">Class 4: Prohibited<\/h2>\n<span id=\"tablepress-61-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-61\">Declared noxious and invasive weeds, not native to the State of Utah, that pose a threat to the state through the retail sale or propagation in the nursery and greenhouse industry. Prohibited noxious weeds are annual, biennial, or perennial plants that the commissioner designates as having the potential or are known to be detrimental to human or animal health, the environment, public roads, crops, or other property.<\/span>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-61\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-61\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-61-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-61-description\">\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Cogongrass (Japanese blood grass)<br \/>\n<em>Imperata cylindrica<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Scotch broom<br \/>\n<em>Cytisus scoparius<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Myrtle spurge <br \/>\n<em>Euphorbia myrsinites<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Russian olive<br \/>\n<em>Elaeagnus angustifolia<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Dames Rocket <br \/>\n<em>Hesperis matronalis<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-61 from cache -->\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-62-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-62\">County Listed Weeds<\/h2>\n<span id=\"tablepress-62-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-62\">Weeds in addition to the State Noxious Weeds declared noxious by local government weed control programs<\/span>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-62\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-62\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-62-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-62-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Davis County<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Morgan County<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Salt Lake County<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Tooele County<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">Weber County<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Buffalobur<br \/>\n<em>Solanum rostratum<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Common burdock<br \/>\n<em>Arctium minus<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Garlic mustard*<br \/>\n<em>Alliaria petiolata<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Jointed goatgrass*<br \/>\n<em>Aegilops cylindrica<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-5\">Puncturevine*<br \/>\n<em>Tribulus terrestris<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Yellow nutsedge<br \/>\n<em>Cyperus esculentus<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Myrtle Spurge*<br \/>\n<em>Euphorbia myrsinites<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Puncturevine*<br \/>\n<em>Tribulus terrestris<\/em><\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-62 from cache --><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*Added to State Noxious Weed List in December 2015.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State land managers, local governments, and property owners are responsible for controlling weed species on the state\u2019s noxious weeds list, and local weed species of concern if necessary. Weed control includes both lands under local management (roads, right-of-ways, parks, etc.) as well as enforcing weed laws on private lands. State law provides county weed managers the right to treat weeds on private lands (assuming proper notice is provided) if the landowner is unwilling or unable to treat the problem themselves, and seek reimbursement \u00a0or apply liens for the work.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Local Weed Control Programs Include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Davis County Public Works (no online content)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.morgan-county.net\/Departments\/PublicWorks\/WeedControl.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Morgan County<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Weed Program<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/slco.org\/weeds\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Salt Lake County<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Weed Control Program<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.co.tooele.ut.us\/roads\/weeds\/noxious.htm\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tooele County<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Road Department<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.co.weber.ut.us\/weeds\/index.php\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weber County<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Weed Department<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">County-specific Weed Control assessments and from Utah Association of Conservation Districts (UACD) and Natural Resource Conservation (NRCS):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.uacd.org\/pdfs\/RA\/6%20Davis%20County%202012%20Resource%20Assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Davis County Resource Assessment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (2012)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.uacd.org\/pdfs\/RA\/19%20Morgan%20County%202013%20Resource%20Assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Morgan County Resource Assessment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (2013)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.uacd.org\/pdfs\/RA\/26%20Salt%20Lake%20County%202013%20Resource%20Assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Salt Lake County Resource Assessment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (2013)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.uacd.org\/pdfs\/RA\/13-31%20Tooele%20County%202013%20Resource%20Assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tooele County Resource Assessment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (2013)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.uacd.org\/pdfs\/RA\/38%20Weber%20County%202013%20Resource%20Assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weber County Resource Assessment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (2013)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regional and State Weed Management Plans Include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlife.utah.gov\/waterfowl\/pdf\/Invasive_weed_control.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DWR Invasive Weed Control<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (2009)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/stateparks.utah.gov\/stateparks\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2015\/03\/RMP_AISP09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Antelope Island Resource Management Plan (2009)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/forestry.utah.gov\/index.php\/state-lands\/great-salt-lake\/great-salt-lake-plans\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Final Great Salt Lake Comprehensive Management Plan and Record of Decision<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (2013)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.utahweed.org\/PDF\/strategic_plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Utah Strategic Plan for Managing Noxious and Invasive Weeds<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (2004)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weeds on federal lands are managed by each land management agency. The US Forest Service (USFS) addresses weeds in their 2003<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/Internet\/FSE_DOCUMENTS\/stelprdb5354094.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Revised Forest Plan<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with the goals of preventing and reducing weeds across the Wasatch Cache National Forest.<a href=\"#ref\">[2]<\/a> \u00a0They further clarified weed management in the 2006 <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/Internet\/FSE_DOCUMENTS\/fsem_035060.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Noxious Weed Treatment Program EIS<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> <a href=\"#ref\">[3]<\/a>, in which the USFS targets species from state and local noxious weed lists. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The US Bureau of Land Management (BLM) does not address weeds in the <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.blm.gov\/style\/medialib\/blm\/ut\/natural_resources\/planning\/existing_lups6.Par.40049.File.dat\/PONYFEIS.PDF\" target=\"_blank\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1988 Pony Express Resource Management Plan<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <a href=\"#ref\">[4]<\/a> Information on BLM\u2019s nationwide strategy for weed management is available on their <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.blm.gov\/wo\/st\/en\/prog\/more\/weeds.html\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Invasive and Noxious Weeds website<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><!-- Best Management Practices --><br \/>\n<div class=\"omsc-toggle\"><div class=\"omsc-toggle-title\">Best Management Practices<\/div><div class=\"omsc-toggle-inner\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prevention and early treatment are the most cost effective best management practices (BMPs).<a href=\"#ref\">[5]<\/a> Clearly, small areas are much less expensive to treat than those left to spread across the landscape. However, many weeds have expanded to large-scale infestations and can only be treated with substantial effort and cost. Each species of noxious weed has a unique seed dispersal method, making treatment highly variable across species.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Prevention<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Noxious weeds are easily spread through contaminated agricultural machinery, livestock feed, hay, straw, soils, sod, nursery stock, and manure. Preventive measures begin by thoroughly cleaning agriculture machinery and equipment (which has come in contact with weeds) before it is transported to another location. Vehicles transporting seed, feed, and other agricultural materials should take measures to prevent spilling and spreading materials during transport. Transportation of topsoil, fill materials and construction equipment can also spread weeds. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Treatment<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once established, weeds must be treated to control further spread. Treatment includes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chemical control and containment (hand, vehicle, aerial)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mechanical \u00a0treatments (mowing, discing)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biological (insects, grazing livestock such as goats and cattle) <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Physical (water removal, flooding, burning)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Noxious Weeds data combined with the Ownership data can be used to identify large infestation areas within the county and the ownership of nearby land.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.utahweed.org\/cwma.htm\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cooperative Weed Management Areas<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (CWMAs): These provide weed control across large lands areas, like watersheds, without specific consideration of land ownership to more effectively treat weeds. CWMAs are also used to coordinate treatment efforts and pool resources. Weed control is most effective when all land managers and landowners act quickly to address infestations when they first begin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CWMAs and their partners within the WFRC area include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.utahweed.org\/PDF\/BonnCWMA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bonneville CWMA<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.Tooele County, Salt Lake County, Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT), US Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and USFS<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.utahweed.org\/PDF\/WeberRiverCWMA06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weber River CWMA<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Weber County, Davis County, Antelope Island, Utah Department of Wildlife Resources (UDWR), UDOT, and BLM<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.utahweed.org\/PDF\/Squarrose_CWMA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Squarrose CWMA<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Tooele County, USFS, Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration, and Utah State University, and BLM<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weed control and treatment resources:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The UDWR compiled an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlife.utah.gov\/waterfowl\/pdf\/Invasive_weed_control.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Invasive Weed Control <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0document which provides specific treatment approaches for seven common noxious weeds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.utahweed.org\/PDF\/FieldGuide_Ed4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Utah State University Extension <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">weed control program provides information regarding noxious weeds across Utah<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.utahweed.org\/WeedID_css.html\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Utah Weed Control Association<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a professional organization consisting of weed control specialists in Utah<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/plants.usda.gov\/java\/noxious?rptType=State&amp;statefips=49\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Natural Resources Conservation Service<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> provides detailed noxious weed information <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.udot.utah.gov\/main\/uconowner.gf?n=10099527814104961\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UDOT Chemical Guide<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for State Noxious Weeds <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><!-- Economic Considerations --><br \/>\n<div class=\"omsc-toggle\"><div class=\"omsc-toggle-title\">Economic Considerations<\/div><div class=\"omsc-toggle-inner\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weeds create significant economic impacts that need to be considered in each county\u2019s resource management plan. Economic losses in the United States from weeds was over $20 billion.<a href=\"#ref\">[6]<\/a> It is estimated that without the use of herbicides revenue losses to the agricultural sector would increase about 500%. <a href=\"#ref\">[7]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Economic considerations for counties include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Direct expenditures. The UDWR allocates $200,000 annually to treat weeds. <a href=\"#ref\">[8]<\/a> \u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduce Range Carrying Capacity for Livestock and Grazing. Dyers woad infestations can spread 14% a year and reduce range carrying capacity by 38%. <a href=\"#ref\">[9]<\/a> The BLM estimated weed costs in the west for control and lost production at $100,000,000 a year. <a href=\"#ref\">[10]<\/a> <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wildland Fire. Contiguous patches of weeds pose significant fire risks and seeding after wildfire is a necessity to recruit native species rather than weeds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agriculture. Direct control costs, crop and seed contamination, and equipment cleaning costs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><!-- Impact Considerations --><br \/>\n<div class=\"omsc-toggle\"><div class=\"omsc-toggle-title\">Impact Considerations<\/div><div class=\"omsc-toggle-inner\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wildlife habitat. Phragmites outcompetes native wetland vegetation and chokes out wildlife. <a href=\"#ref\">[11]<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weed control impacts. Fire is a control method often used to treat phragmites, but smoke is a large air quality issue which must be considered in this region.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increased wildfire risk and costs. Many noxious weeds, such as cheatgrass, are very flammable and increase the risk of wildfires. After a fire burns an area infested with noxious weeds, the weeds sprout before native plants and are able to dominate native plant species by quickly taking over water and soil resources. <a href=\"#ref\">[12]<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><!-- Data Table --><br \/>\n<div class=\"omsc-toggle\"><div class=\"omsc-toggle-title\">Data Download<\/div><div class=\"omsc-toggle-inner\">\n<div class=\"download-icons\">\u00a0<span class=\"wp-svg-stack stack\"><\/span> GIS Data <span class=\"wp-svg-target target\"><\/span> Map Service <span class=\"wp-svg-screen screen\"><\/span> Web Map <span class=\"wp-svg-file file\"><\/span> Document\u00a0<span class=\"wp-svg-table table\"><\/span> Tabular Data\u00a0<span class=\"wp-svg-globe globe\"><\/span> Website<\/div>\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-40\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-40\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Data Name<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Data Explanation<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Publication Date<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Spatial Accuracy<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">Contact<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Land Ownership<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/gis.utah.gov\/data\/sgid-cadastre\/land-ownership\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-stack stack\"><\/span> <\/a> , <a href=\"http:\/\/tlamap.trustlands.utah.gov\/arcgis\/rest\/services\/UT_SITLA_LandOwnership\/FeatureServer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-target target\"><\/span><\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Surface Land Ownership; use Admin field to identify administrative agency<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Updated Weekly<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1:24,000<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">State of Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration (SITLA).<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/trustlands.utah.gov\/resources\/maps\/\" target=\"_blank\">GIS Group<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">USFS Invasive Species<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/apps.fs.fed.us\/ArcX\/rest\/services\/EDW_FEATURE\/EDW_InvasiveSpecies_01\/FeatureServer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-target target\"><\/span><\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Current Invasive Plants feature class contains only the most recent or latest invasive Plant Infestation polygons collected by the National Invasive Plant Inventory Protocol. <a href=\"http:\/\/data.fs.usda.gov\/geodata\/edw\/edw_resources\/meta\/S_USA.InvasivePlantCurrent.xml\" target=\"_blank\">Metadata<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Daily<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1:24,000<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">U.S. Forest Service Invasive Species Mapping;<br \/>\nNatural Resource Information System (NRIS)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Noxious Weeds in Utah<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/gis.utah.gov\/data\/bioscience-overview\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-stack stack\"><\/span><\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Identified weed locations in Utah<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">1\/18\/2013<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Variable<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><a href=\"http:\/\/gis.utah.gov\/data\/\" target=\"_blank\">AGRC<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Early Detection Distribution Maps (EDDMaps)<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eddmaps.org\/west\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"wp-svg-globe globe\"><\/span><\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Early detection and distribution mapping system (requires free log in)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Live data<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Variable<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ffsl.utah.gov\/index.php\/fire\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-40 from cache -->\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- References --><\/p>\n<h3>References<\/h3>\n<div id=\"ref\"><\/div>\n<ol>\n<li>Utah State Legislature. 2015. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rules.utah.gov\/publicat\/code\/r068\/r068-009.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Utah Noxious Weed Act &#8211; Administrative Rules<\/a>. Enacted July 2, 2008, Modified December 15, 2015. (Accessed January 25, 2016.)<\/li>\n<li>U.S. Forest Service. 2003. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/Internet\/FSE_DOCUMENTS\/stelprdb5354094.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Revised Forest Plan for the Wasatch -Cache National Forest<\/a>, February.<\/li>\n<li>U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Region. 2006. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/Internet\/FSE_DOCUMENTS\/stelprdb5354094.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Wasatch-Cache National Forest Noxious Weed Treatment Program. Final Environmental Impact Statement.<\/a> Wasatch Cache National Forest.<\/li>\n<li>U.S. Department of the Interior, US Bureau of Land Management. 1988. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.blm.gov\/style\/medialib\/blm\/ut\/natural_resources\/planning\/existing_lups6.Par.40049.File.dat\/PONYFEIS.PDF\" target=\"_blank\">Proposed Pony Express Resource Management Plan and Final Environmental Impact Statement<\/a>. Salt Lake District, September.<\/li>\n<li>Beck, G. K. <a href=\"http:\/\/weedcenter.org\/technicalwebinars\/documents\/Written%20Content\/WebinarWrittenContent_Beck.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Economics of Invasive Weed Control: Chemical, Manual\/ Physical\/Fire, Biological, and Doing Nothing<\/a>. Invasive Plant Management Technical Webinar Series.<\/li>\n<li>Utah State University. 2010. <a href=\"http:\/\/extension.usu.edu\/files\/publications\/publication\/pub__8746541.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Noxious Weed Field Guide 4th Edition<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Utah Weed Control Association. 2004. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.utahweed.org\/PDF\/strategic_plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">The Utah Strategic Plan for Managing Noxious and Invasive Weeds<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Utah Department of Natural Resources, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. 2009. <a href=\"https:\/\/wildlife.utah.gov\/waterfowl\/pdf\/Invasive_weed_control.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Information Document for Invasive and Noxious Weed Control Project on Utah\u2019s Waterfowl Management Areas. <\/a>Publication No. 09-14, Salt Lake City, Utah.<\/li>\n<li>U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Oregon State Office. 1985. Northwest Area noxious weed control program: Environmental Impact Statement&#8211;Final. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Oregon State Office.<\/li>\n<li>U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 2011. &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.blm.gov\/ut\/st\/en\/fo\/vernal\/grazing_\/noxious_weed_program.html.\" target=\"_blank\">Noxious Weeds &#8211; A Growing Problem Uintah Basin Weed Management Partnership.<\/a>&#8221; Accessed: 2\/15\/16.<\/li>\n<li>Schuske, K. 2013. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.exploreutahscience.org\/science-topics\/environment\/item\/85-an-invasive-grass-is-choking-utah-s-wetlands\" target=\"_blank\">An Invasive Grass Is Choking Utah\u2019s Wetlands<\/a>. Explore Utah Science. Accessed: 2\/15\/16. .<\/li>\n<li>Idaho Firewise. 2015. <a href=\"http:\/\/idahofirewise.org\/science-of-fire\/wildfire-and-idaho-landscape\/\" target=\"_blank\">Wildfire and Idaho Landscape<\/a>. Website accessed: 2\/16\/16.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Noxious and invasive weeds are plants considered harmful to livestock, agriculture, and wildlife, or otherwise negatively impact the landscape by (e.g., increase wildfire threat, reduced biodiversity). They are typically (but not always) nonnative species which spread rapidly at the expense &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/noxious-weeds\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"resources_page.php","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-108","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=108"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":204,"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/108\/revisions\/204"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wfrc.org\/new_wfrc\/crmp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}